Pleomorphic Adenoma of a Minor Salivary Gland of the Hard Palate Report of a Case

The pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of the minor salivary glands and is comprised of epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. The majority of the salivary gland tumors occur in the second decadeof life with a slight predilection for females. Clinically it presents as a firm or rubbery submucosal mass without ulceration or surrounding inflammation. Diagnosis is established on the clinical examination and histopathology, supplemented with plane radiographs, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging when necessary. Here, we report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the hard palate in a 21-year-old female patient with a painless swelling in the left palatal region of nine months duration.

A Review of the Odontogenic Keratocyst and Report of a Case

The Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a developmental, non –inflammatory chronic cystic lesion, on radiograph it may be unilocular or multi locular OKC is a cyst of odontogenic origin, usually asymptomatic withan aggressive clinical behavior including a high recurrence rate and tendency to invade bone and adjacent soft tissues. Diagnosis is based on the clinical history, clinical appearance, and radiographs and histology. A case of odontogenic keratocyst involving the ramus of the mandible is presented in this article emphasizing on the characteristics and various features of OKC

Iron Deficiency Anaemia- A Case Report with Oral Manifestations

Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in children and is worldwide in distribution. It is characterised by fatigue, weakness, pallor and koilonychias. Thus oral physician play an important role in diagnosis and thereby prevention of anaemia, as oral manifestations may be the earliest feature of the condition. The purpose of this article is to present a case of iron deficiency anaemia of unknown cause in a 16 year old female child.

Management and final visual outcome of various types of the lens induced glaucomas attending to Narayana Medical College Hospital.

Objectives: A clinical study of visual outcome and intraocular pressure control after cataract surgery in Lens Induced Glaucoma. Material and methods: A minimum of 50 cases of lens induced glaucoma were selected based on simple random sampling, who attended the department of Narayana Medical College Hospital and were diagnosed to be having Lens Induced Glaucoma. Appropriate medical management was given followed by surgical intervention. Patients were followed up on the 1st week, 4th week and 6th week postoperatively. Results: Finally after the analysis of the data, it was demonstrated that the longer the duration of symptoms and higher intraocular pressure (IOP) at presentation, the poorer the visual prognosis. It was also noticed that the intra-operative and postoperative complication were more in cases of LIG as compared to normal population. It was also noticed that after cataract extraction surgery few cases had post-operative IOP above borderline. These cases can be controlled by anti-glaucoma medication and regular follow-up of these cases. If necessary, trabeculectomy may be done in future to control the IOP. Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative uveitis was more in LIG when compared to the normal population and more so if associated with intra-operative complications. The visual recovery was fairly good in all those cases that have undergone treatment quite early. Also the higher the IOP pre-operatively, the prognosis for good vision following surgery is poor. A sustained rise of pressure for a long time was a bad prognostic factor for post-operative development of good vision. It is to be stressed upon, imparting health education and creating awareness regarding cataract and its implications among the rural community, ophthalmic assistants and peripheral health workers.

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with sarcoidosis.

OBJECTIVE: To study bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in patients with sarcoidosis. METHODS: Twenty freshly diagnosed patients with sarcoidosis were evaluated. Progressively increasing concentrations of methacholine were administered using a standard five-breath dosimeter protocol, and spirometry performed after each challenge. BHR was expressed as PC20 (provocating concentration of methacholine resulting in 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in first second). All patients were nonsmokers, had no other concurrent cardiopulmonary disease, and were not on any specific treatment for sarcoidosis. RESULTS: Borderline (PC20 4.0-16.0 mg/mL), mild (PC20 1.0-4.0 mg/mL) and moderate to severe (PC20 <1.0 mg/mL) BHR was documented in three (15%), one (5%) and five (25%) patients respectively. Patients with BHR were similar to those having normal reactivity in terms of age, gender, disease duration and results of pulmonary function testing. All patients with endobronchial disease had BHR. CONCLUSION: BHR may be seen in several patients of sarcoidosis and could possibly contribute to decline in lung function.

Humphrey visual field and frequency doubling perimetry in the diagnosis of early glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To compare Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (HVF) and Frequency Doubling Perimetry (FDP) testing in the diagnosis of early glaucoma. METHODS: We performed HVF (24-2 standard full threshold) and FDP (N-30) evaluations in 34 consecutive patients with early primary glaucoma and 96 normal subjects. Early glaucoma was defined on the basis of disc changes of glaucoma; the mean deviation on white-on-white perimetry had to be no worse than 6 decibels. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy was defined as a combination of cup-disc asymmetry of more than 0.2, notching, excavation, thinning or pallor of superior or inferior neuroretinal rims, retinal nerve fibre layer defects of the wedge or diffuse type and neuroretinal rim haemorrhage. Both the glaucoma patients and normal subjects had vision better than 6/9 with correction. They had no media opacities other than early nuclear sclerosis and no fundus pathology. Further, normal subjects were free of systemic diseases known to affect the retina or optic nerve. The sensitivity and specificity of HVF and FDP were calculated. RESULTS: There were 44 eligible eyes among the 34 subjects. The glaucomatous disc findings included notch (n=8), pallor (n=21), thinning (n=23) and haemorrhage (n=1) of the neuroretinal rim. The sensitivity and the specificity of the HVF were 52.3% and 57.3% respectively. The sensitivity and the specificity of FDP were 65.9% and 61.5% respectively. CONCLUSION: The difference between FDP and HVF in the diagnosis of early glaucoma is not marked.

The role of artificial drainage devices in glaucoma surgery.

The use of artificial drainage devices (ADDs) or "setons" in glaucoma surgery is generally restricted to patients with refractory glaucoma at high risk for failure from conventional filtration surgery. ADDs, both valved and nonvalved are currently available in this country. Recently, some of these devices have been propogated as primary treatment even for primary glaucomas. This article examines the role of ADDs in the modern management of the glaucomas. Specific indications for ADDs and methods to reduce the complication of overfiltration are discussed. The use of antimitotics, such as 5-fluorouracil or mitomycin, with traditional filtration has decreased the indications for ADDs. The literature and our experience confirm that currently there is no role for use of ADDs as a primary procedure in most glaucomas.